What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)? Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment in India
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath—a protective layer surrounding nerve fibers. This damage slows or blocks messages between the brain and body, leading to various physical and neurological symptoms.
Causes of Multiple Sclerosis
The exact cause of MS is still unknown. However, a mix of genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Triggers may include vitamin D deficiency, certain viral infections, smoking, and a family history of autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms of MS
The symptoms of MS can vary greatly depending on the affected nerves. Common symptoms include:
-
Fatigue
-
Numbness or weakness in limbs
-
Blurred or double vision
-
Tingling sensations
-
Muscle spasms or stiffness
-
Balance and coordination issues
-
Memory or concentration problems
Diagnosis in India
Diagnosing MS involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests. Doctors may recommend:
-
MRI scans to detect brain or spinal lesions
-
Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze spinal fluid
-
Blood tests to rule out similar conditions
-
Neurological examinations to assess motor and sensory functions
Treatment Options
Although there is no cure for MS, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Common treatment options in India include:
-
Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs) to reduce relapses
-
Corticosteroids to manage flare-ups
-
Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy to improve mobility
-
Supportive care like speech therapy and mental health support
Conclusion
Early detection and comprehensive treatment can significantly improve the quality of life for MS patients in India. With advances in neurology and increasing awareness, many people with MS are able to lead active and fulfilling lives. If you notice persistent neurological symptoms, consult a specialist for timely diagnosis and care.
https://www.blogs.medicasapp.com/multiple-sclerosis/
Comments
0 comment