Frameless Brain Biopsy and Shunt Surgery: Precision Diagnostics and Targeted Treatment in Modern Neurosurgery

Most nervous system conditions worsen with time. Thus, early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to achieving good patient outcomes, preventing complications, preserving function, minimising surgical risks and enhancing the patient’s quality of life.

Brain biopsy methods have advanced from open craniotomy (part of the skull is removed and brain is exposed to obtain tissue samples), which was invasive and had an increased risk of complications, to frameless stereotactic methods, which are minimally invasive and use imaging and navigation systems to guide the biopsy needle to the target site with precision.