Your vehicle's transmission is one of the most complex and expensive components and keeping the transmission fluid fresh is key to maximizing its lifespan.
Here are the signs that it may be time to change your transmission fluid, along with a step-by-step guide for how to do it yourself.
Signs You Need New Transmission Fluid
Dark or Murky Fluid Color
Fresh, high-quality transmission fluid should have a clear pink, red, or amber tone. If you check your dipstick and the fluid color looks dark brown or black, that suggests the fluid has been contaminated with bits of metal shavings or burned fluid. This darker hue means the fluid has likely lost some of its essential lubricating properties and needs to be replaced.
Burning Smell
If you notice a burning odor coming from underneath the hood of your car, it could signify overheated transmission fluid.
Excessive heat breaks down the chemical additives in transmission fluid over time. As the fluid loses its ability to properly lubricate the transmission, you may smell a distinct burning rubber smell.
Slipping Gears
If you find your transmission slipping in and out of gear, it struggles to switch gears smoothly, or the gears grind when shifting, low transmission fluid could be to blame. Worn out fluid fails to properly lubricate the transmission's internal components.
Skipping gears and grinding sounds signal that those components are not sliding smoothly over each other. Topping off the fluid could help resolve gear slipping issues in some cases.
Check Engine Light
In modern cars, sensors continually monitor the transmission fluid pressure, temperature, and other parameters. If your check engine light illuminates, it may indicate low or inadequate fluid levels determined by the car's computer diagnostic system. Have your transmission inspected by a professional mechanic to confirm or rule out a low fluid issue triggering the warning light.
How Often to Change Transmission Fluid
Manufacturers used to recommend periodic transmission fluid changes—as often as every 30,000 miles.
But most new vehicles now come with high-quality, long-life fluid that does not require changes for up to 100,000 miles. Always consult your owner's manual for the recommended interval for your specific vehicle.
If you use your vehicle for frequent towing or hauling heavy loads, you may need to replace the fluid more often.
Driving in very hot or cold temperatures can also accelerate fluid breakdown. And if you notice any of the warning signs described above, it's wise to change the fluid right away regardless of mileage.
How to Change Transmission Fluid Yourself
Regular transmission fluid and filter changes help prolong your transmission's lifespan. Most vehicle manufacturers recommend replacing your filter and fluid once every 30,000 to 90,000 miles based on your make and model.
Changing transmission fluid is a messy but fairly simple job any car owner can tackle. Allow about 2-3 hours and make sure you take all necessary safety precautions.
Supplies Needed:
- Jack and jack stands
- Drain pan (at least 10 quarts)
- Funnel
- New transmission fluid (check manual for type and quantity)
- Filter wrench
- Protective gloves, eye wear, clothing
Step 1: Raise the Vehicle
Use the jack to lift the front of the vehicle and place jack stands under the frame rails. Raise to a height where you can crawl underneath. Make sure it's stable and secure before getting underneath.
Step 2: Locate the Transmission Drain Plug
Refer to your manual. It's typically located near the back of the transmission toward the bottom, though location varies. Place the drain pan underneath.
Step 3: Remove Fill Plug
Using your fingers or a wrench, remove the transmission fill plug, often located on the side near the top of transmission. This allows air flow so fluid drains smoothly.
Step 4: Loosen and Remove Drain Plug
Use a wrench to carefully loosen the drain plug bolt. When loose, unscrew it the rest of the way by hand. Allow all the old fluid to drain out into the pan.
Step 5: Change Transmission Filter
Not all vehicles have a replaceable filter, so verify if yours does. Use the filter wrench to remove old filter. Lube the new filter gasket with transmission fluid and screw it on by hand until snug.
Step 6: Replace Drain Plug
Once all fluid has drained, wipe the plug threads clean and reinstall drain plug. Tighten to manufacturer's specifications—usually around 30 lb.-ft of torque.
Step 7: Add New Transmission Fluid
Refer to your manual for exact quantity. Typically, 4-6 quarts for regular transmissions and up to 12 quarts for heavy-duty. Pour slowly and often check dipstick. Don't overfill.
Step 8: Install Fill Plug
Once the fluid level reads full on dipstick, replace transmission fill plug. Start engine and inspect for any leaks underneath.
Step 9: Lower Vehicle
Raise jack to release stands, then lower vehicle. Keep an eye on fluid level and top off as needed. Test drive and check for proper shifting.
Changing your own transmission fluid can save you a lot in mechanic's fees. Just be sure to dispose of the old fluid properly. If the fluid is very dirty or you see any signs of contamination or wear particles, it's a good idea to have a transmission shop take a look to make sure repairs aren't needed. Catching problems early saves money and headaches down the road.
Final Words
With fresh, clean transmission fluid, your vehicle shifts smoothly, your transmission stays cooler under stress, and you maximize its performance and lifespan. So, keep an eye out for any signs it's time to replace your fluid, and don't be afraid to tackle this important maintenance task on your own.
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