Role of Surgical Oncologists in Breast Cancer Treatment in India

Introduction

Breast cancer has emerged as the most common cancer among women in India, with alarming incidence rates that continue to rise. In this challenging landscape, surgical oncologists play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of breast cancer. This article delves into the critical responsibilities of surgical oncologists in India's fight against breast cancer, exploring their multifaceted role in patient care, the challenges they face, and the evolving nature of their profession in the context of India's healthcare system. The Burden of Breast Cancer in India: Before discussing the role of surgical oncologists, it's essential to understand the magnitude of the breast cancer problem in India. According to recent statistics, breast cancer accounts for 14% of all cancers in Indian women. The incidence rate is particularly high in urban areas, with 1 in 22 women likely to develop breast cancer during their lifetime. The Surgical oncologist works along with other cancer doctors in India for cancer care.

The Surgical Oncologist's Role in Diagnosis

Surgical oncologists are often at the forefront of breast cancer diagnosis. They play a crucial role in the following diagnostic procedures:

1. Clinical Breast Examination: Surgical oncologists perform thorough physical examinations to detect any lumps or abnormalities in the breast tissue.
2. Biopsy: They conduct or oversee various types of biopsies, including fine-needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and surgical biopsy, to obtain tissue samples for definitive diagnosis.
3. Imaging Interpretation: While radiologists primarily handle imaging, surgical oncologists often review mammograms, ultrasounds, and MRIs to plan the most appropriate surgical approach.
4. Staging: They determine the extent of cancer spread, which is crucial for treatment planning

Multidisciplinary Approach

In India, where resources can be limited, surgical oncologists often take on a more comprehensive role in patient care. They frequently act as the primary point of contact for breast cancer patients, coordinating with other specialists at Manipal Hospital Millers Road to ensure comprehensive treatment. This multidisciplinary approach involves:

1. Collaborating with medical oncologists to determine the need for chemotherapy.
2. Working with radiation oncologists to integrate radiotherapy into the treatment plan.
3. Consulting with plastic surgeons for reconstruction options.
4. Engaging with pathologists for accurate diagnosis and staging.
5. Coordinating with genetic counsellors for patients with hereditary breast cancer risk.

Patient Education and Counseling

In the Indian context, where breast cancer awareness is still growing, surgical oncologists play a crucial role in educating patients and their families. They provide information about:

1. The nature of the disease and its prognosis
2. Treatment options and their potential outcomes
3. Side effects of various treatments
4. The importance of follow-up care
5. Lifestyle modifications for cancer prevention and recurrence risk reduction

Challenges Faced by Surgical Oncologists in India

Surgical oncologists in India face several unique challenges:

1. Late Presentation: Many patients in India present with advanced-stage breast cancer due to a lack of awareness and screening programs. This complicates surgical management and often requires more aggressive interventions.
2. Resource Constraints: Limited access to advanced surgical equipment and techniques in some regions can impact treatment options.
3. Cultural Barriers: Societal stigma and misconceptions about breast cancer can affect treatment acceptance and compliance.
4. Economic Factors: The high cost of cancer treatment in India often influences surgical decisions, with patients opting for less expensive but potentially less effective options.
5. Workforce Shortage: There is a significant shortage of trained surgical oncologists in India, especially in rural areas, leading to overwhelming caseloads.

Research and Clinical Trials

Surgical oncologists in India are not just clinicians but also active researchers. Many are involved in:

1. Conducting clinical trials to evaluate new surgical techniques and treatment protocols.
2. Participating in international collaborative studies.
3. Publishing research on breast cancer patterns and outcomes specific to the Indian population.

Conclusion

Surgical oncologists' role in breast cancer treatment in India is multifaceted and evolving. They are not merely surgeons but comprehensive care providers, educators, and researchers. As India grapples with its increasing breast cancer burden, surgical oncologists stand at the forefront of the battle, adapting to unique challenges and embracing new technologies and techniques. The future of breast cancer treatment in India hinges significantly on the continued development and support of surgical oncology as a specialized field. With ongoing advancements in surgical techniques, a growing emphasis on multidisciplinary care, and increased awareness about breast cancer, surgical oncologists are poised to make even greater strides in improving outcomes for breast cancer patients across India.