Mitral valve annuloplasty rings are medical devices that are used surgically to repair a diseased or damaged mitral valve in the heart. The mitral valve controls the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle and plays a critical role in the proper functioning of the heart. Mitral regurgitation or prolapse of the mitral valve can cause blood to leak backward from the left ventricle to the left atrium when the heart contracts. This condition is known as mitral valve regurgitation or mitral insufficiency. Mitral valve annuloplasty rings help correct the shape and size of the mitral valve annulus (ring around the valve), thereby improving leaflet coaptation and reducing mitral regurgitation.
Types Of Mitral Valve Annuloplasty Rings
Mitral valve annuloplasty rings are broadly classified into two main types - rigid complete rings and flexible incomplete rings. Rigid complete rings fully encircle the mitral valve annulus providing stable structural support. They are usually made of rigid materials like surgical steel or biocompatible plastics. Flexible incomplete rings only partially encircle the valve annulus and are usually made of flexible biological materials like treated animal or human tissues. Some common types of rings include complete circumflex rings, partial circumflex rings and bands. The choice of ring depends on factors like the disease condition, anatomy of the valve and surgeon's preference.
Surgical Procedure For Implantation
The implantation of mitral valve annuloplasty rings is typically performed through open-heart surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Through a longitudinal incision in the heart, the diseased mitral valve leaflets and chordae tendineae are surgically assessed. The size of the annulus is measured and an appropriately sized ring is selected. Using surgical techniques and tools, the ring is sutured in place around the mitral valve annulus. This reshapes and reduces the annular dimension, thereby correcting valve dysfunction and regurgitation. The surgical closure is then completed. Proper placement and sizing of the ring is critical for achieving optimal valve repair and reducing recurrence of regurgitation.
Post-Procedure Care And Monitoring
After the surgery, patients are typically monitored in the cardiac ICU for vital signs, rhythm monitoring and other postoperative care. Antiarrhythmic medications may be given to prevent irregular heartbeats. Blood thinners are prescribed to prevent clots. Patients gradually resume oral intake as tolerated. Physical activity is restricted initially and increased based on recovery. Periodic echocardiograms help assess the repair and check for residual regurgitation over time. Most patients make good recoveries and have fewer symptoms of heart failure with improved quality of life. However, careful long-term follow-up is important to monitor ring stability, valve function and identify any need for re-intervention.
Commercialization And Landscape
The global for mitral valve annuloplasty rings has grown substantially over the past decade driven by rising cardiac disease burden, aging populations and technological advancements. Major players in this include Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abbott, LivaNova, Boston Scientific, etc. Rigid complete rings like Carpentier-McCarthy-Adams and Cosgrove-Edwards rings have been used widely. However, flexible incomplete rings made of bovine or equine pericardial tissues are gaining preference due to better hemodynamic performance and lower risk of complications. 3D-printed and adjustable rings offer novel solutions with custom sizing options. The Asia Pacific region has emerged as a high-growth for mitral valve repair devices. With increasing adoption rates, this remains an active area of research and development for medical technology companies worldwide.
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*Note:
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it
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