Situated in the heart of Munnar, Kerala, Eravikulam National Park is a stunningly beautiful and ecologically significant protected area that draws nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and tourists from all over the world. Known for its lush landscapes, rich biodiversity, and pristine environment, this park is one of the top attractions in Munnar and a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Kerala.
In this article, we’ll delve into the unique features of Eravikulam National Park, the diverse species of animals and plants found here, how to reach this national park, and the best time to visit, along with practical information for a fulfilling experience.
What is Eravikulam National Park?
Eravikulam National Park, located in Munnar, Kerala, is a protected area that spans over 97 square kilometers. The park is primarily known for being the habitat of the endangered Nilgiri Tahr (a species of wild goat), which is native to the Western Ghats. The park was established in 1978 as a sanctuary to protect the Nilgiri Tahr and later upgraded to a national park in 2000. It is one of the most popular wildlife sanctuaries in South India and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its exceptional biodiversity and ecological significance.
The park is characterized by its rolling hills, lush grasslands, and shola forests, which are unique to the Western Ghats region. The elevation of the park ranges from 1,600 meters to 2,695 meters above sea level, offering visitors spectacular views of the surrounding hills, valleys, and valleys dotted with streams and waterfalls.
Eravikulam National Park Animals and Wildlife
Eravikulam National Park is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including some rare and endangered species. The most famous of these is the Nilgiri Tahr, a wild goat that thrives in the high-altitude grasslands of the park. The Nilgiri Tahr is an endangered species and is found in abundance in Eravikulam, making the park an essential site for their conservation. In addition to Nilgiri Tahr, here are some of the other animals you may encounter during a visit:
1. Nilgiri Tahr
The Nilgiri Tahr is the star attraction of the park, and efforts have been made to conserve this species due to its dwindling population. The tahr is known for its short, curved horns and thick fur, which helps it survive the cool temperatures of the Western Ghats. You can spot these majestic animals grazing on the grasslands of Eravikulam, especially around the higher elevations of the park.
2. Indian Bison (Gaur)
The Indian bison, or gaur, is a large, wild cattle species found in the park. Known for its muscular build, dark brown coat, and large horns, the Indian bison roams the forested areas of Eravikulam. The sight of a herd of gaurs can be awe-inspiring, and their majestic appearance adds to the park’s allure.
3. Leopards
The elusive leopard is one of the apex predators in Eravikulam National Park. While leopards are difficult to spot due to their solitary and nocturnal behavior, the park is home to a small population of these big cats. They primarily inhabit the dense forests and are essential in maintaining the ecological balance of the park by controlling herbivore populations.
4. Other Mammals
Apart from Nilgiri Tahr and Indian bison, the park is home to a variety of mammals such as wild boar, Sambar deer, Bonnet macaques, Muntjac deer, and Langurs. The diversity of mammalian species adds to the richness of the park’s ecosystem.
5. Birdlife
Eravikulam National Park is a haven for birdwatchers, with over 130 species of birds recorded in the park. Some notable species include the Nilgiri wood pigeon, Malabar grey hornbill, black eagle, and Shikra. The varied habitats within the park — from grasslands to dense forests — support a wide array of bird species, making it a birdwatching paradise.
6. Reptiles and Amphibians
The park also hosts a number of reptiles, including the Indian rock python, Russell's viper, and King cobra. The cool, moist climate of the Western Ghats is also ideal for amphibians, and you can find various species of frogs and toads.
Flora of Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is equally rich in plant life, with a variety of flora unique to the Western Ghats. The shola forests, a special type of montane forest, are one of the key features of the park. These forests are found in the high-altitude regions and are characterized by dense vegetation. You’ll also encounter vast stretches of grasslands that provide habitat for a variety of herbivores, including the Nilgiri Tahr.
The park is home to several endemic species of plants, including Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana), a rare plant that blooms once every 12 years and blankets the landscape in a sea of blue. The next blooming season for Neelakurinji is expected in 2028, and it is a spectacular sight for nature lovers and photographers.
Activities in Eravikulam National Park
There are several activities you can enjoy while visiting Eravikulam National Park that will bring you closer to nature. Some of the key activities include:
1. Wildlife Safari and Trekking
The best way to explore the park is through a wildlife safari or a guided trek. The park offers well-defined trekking trails that lead visitors through the different ecosystems of the park, including grasslands, forests, and hilltops. You can enjoy the stunning views of the Western Ghats, observe wildlife in its natural habitat, and appreciate the ecological diversity of the area.
The Rajamalai region of the park is especially popular for trekking and offers a great chance to spot the Nilgiri Tahr. During your trek, you may also encounter various species of birds, mammals, and reptiles.
2. Photography
Eravikulam National Park is a paradise for photographers. Whether you’re capturing the landscapes of the Western Ghats or the unique wildlife, there are plenty of opportunities for stunning shots. The park’s high-altitude grasslands, misty hills, and varied wildlife provide excellent subjects for both amateur and professional photographers.
3. Bird Watching
Birdwatching is a popular activity in Eravikulam National Park, given its rich avian diversity. Early mornings are the best time to observe the park’s resident and migratory birds. The park’s varied habitats support a wide range of bird species, from large birds of prey to small, colorful songbirds.
Best Time to Visit Eravikulam National Park
The best time to visit Eravikulam National Park is during the winter months (from November to April), when the weather is cool and pleasant, ideal for trekking and wildlife viewing. The park is typically closed during the monsoon season (from June to September) due to heavy rainfall and landslides, which can make the trails slippery and dangerous.
If you're specifically interested in witnessing the Neelakurinji bloom, plan your visit during the flowering cycle, which occurs once every 12 years, with the next bloom expected in 2028.
How to Reach Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is located around 15 kilometers from Munnar town, and it is easily accessible by road. Visitors can hire taxis or private vehicles to reach the park, as the roads leading to the park are well-maintained. The park is open from 7:30 AM to 4:00 PM, and it is advisable to visit early in the day to avoid the crowds and enjoy the cooler weather.
The nearest major city to Munnar is Kochi, located about 130 km away, and is well-connected by air, rail, and road.
Conclusion
Eravikulam National Park is a true gem in Munnar, Kerala, offering visitors an opportunity to explore the natural beauty of the Western Ghats, observe unique wildlife, and experience the tranquility of the region. From the endangered Nilgiri Tahr to the stunning Neelakurinji blooms, the park offers a rich biodiversity that makes it one of the most important wildlife reserves in South India. Whether you're a nature lover, a wildlife enthusiast, or a photographer, Eravikulam National Park promises an enriching experience that will stay with you long after your visit.
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