Yes, brain surgery can be done while the patient is awake, a procedure known as awake craniotomy or awake brain surgery. This specialized technique is used to treat certain brain conditions, particularly when the tumor or abnormality is located near areas that control essential functions like speech, movement, or senses. Awake brain surgery allows surgeons to interact with the patient during the procedure, helping them avoid damaging critical areas of the brain. While the idea of being awake during brain surgery may seem daunting, it is a well-established procedure with several benefits. If you're considering such a procedure, consulting with the best neurologist in kolkata or other major medical centers can provide you with expert guidance and care for these complex surgeries.
Why Is Awake Brain Surgery Performed?
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Preserving Critical Brain Functions: The brain doesn’t have pain receptors, so patients don’t feel pain when the brain is exposed. Awake brain surgery is typically performed when the tumor or affected area is located near regions that control key functions like speech, motor skills, or sensory processing. By keeping the patient awake and responsive, the surgeon can ask the patient to perform simple tasks like speaking, counting, or moving a limb to ensure they are not affecting these vital areas.
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Enhanced Precision: Awake brain surgery allows surgeons to map out the brain’s functional areas in real-time. This precision reduces the risk of permanent neurological damage and helps the surgeon to safely remove as much of the tumor or abnormal tissue as possible.
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Testing Responses: Surgeons often use electrical stimulation to activate or suppress certain parts of the brain. By monitoring the patient's responses to these stimulations, the surgeon can determine which areas should be avoided during the procedure, ensuring they do not impair functions like memory or movement.
How Is It Done?
Awake brain surgery begins under general anesthesia for the initial stages, including making the incision and opening the skull. Once the surgeon reaches the brain, the patient is gradually woken up. The patient is kept comfortable with local anesthesia and sedation. Throughout the surgery, a neurologist or other specialists monitor the patient’s ability to perform tasks and assess cognitive responses. The surgeon may ask the patient to speak, move their hand, or answer questions. After the critical part of the surgery is completed, the patient is sedated again for the closing of the skull.
Safety and Recovery
Awake brain surgery is considered safe and has been performed successfully for decades. Recovery times vary depending on the type of surgery and the patient’s condition. While the procedure is complex, it significantly reduces the risk of post-operative complications, such as speech impairment or motor dysfunction.
Conclusion
Awake brain surgery is a highly specialized procedure designed to ensure maximum safety and preservation of essential brain functions. By keeping the patient awake and engaged during surgery, neurosurgeons can operate with enhanced precision, significantly improving outcomes for complex brain conditions.
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