Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood, leading to abnormal production and function of white blood cells. Hematologists employ a range of techniques, such as flow cytometry and molecular diagnostics, to analyze the genetic and cellular characteristics of leukemic cells. This enables them to classify and subtype different types of leukemia, guiding treatment decisions and monitoring disease progression. Another significant area within Hematology is the study of anemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
Hematologists investigate the underlying causes of anemia, which can range from nutritional deficiencies (such as iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid) to chronic diseases or genetic disorders. Through comprehensive diagnostic tests, including blood smears, bone marrow examinations, and specialized laboratory assays, hematologists can determine the specific cause of anemia and develop appropriate treatment strategies. Furthermore, Hematologyencompasses the field of transfusion medicine, which involves the safe and effective use of blood and blood products.
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