In recent years, immuno-oncology has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in the field of cancer treatment. Immuno-Oncology Drugs, also known as immunotherapies, aim to harness and empower the body's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This innovative treatment paradigm has redefined cancer therapy by offering new possibilities for long-term remission and improved survival rates for patients across various cancer types.
There are several types of immuno-oncology drugs that have shown remarkable clinical efficacy:
1. Checkpoint Inhibitors: These drugs target molecules known as immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4). By blocking these checkpoints, they unleash the immune system's ability to recognize and attack cancer cells effectively.
2. CAR-T Cell Therapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy involves genetically modifying a patient's own T cells to express a synthetic receptor that recognizes cancer-specific antigens. This approach enables T cells to target and eliminate cancer cells more efficiently.
3. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy: TIL therapy involves extracting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient's tumor, expanding them in the laboratory, and then reintroducing them into the patient. These activated lymphocytes help to mount a more potent immune response against the tumor.
4. Therapeutic Vaccines: These vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system to recognize specific tumor antigens, promoting an immune response against cancer cells. They can be designed to prevent cancer (prophylactic vaccines) or treat existing cancer (therapeutic vaccines).
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