How Switzerland became neutral: The story of a country without wars

Switzerland is known as a symbol of neutrality and peace. This unique status does not come about by chance: its roots go back to ancient times, when Switzerland was not a single country but an alliance of individual cantons that sought autonomy and defence of their borders. Medieval alliances between the cantons allowed them to maintain their independence and security without external interference. Gradually, the principle of non-aggression and mutual assistance developed between these regions, which became the basis for future neutrality.

Swiss Thirty Years' War

Swiss history as a neutral state began to take shape in the seventeenth century. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Switzerland refused to participate in the armed conflicts that engulfed Europe, remaining a bystander. The end of the war cemented this decision: the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 officially recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire, and the country did not join any alliances, avoiding the threat of involvement in new military conflicts.

The Congress of Vienna and the consolidation of neutrality

A key moment in the history of Swiss neutrality was the Congress of Vienna in 1815. After the Napoleonic Wars, the European powers came together to restore the balance of power. At this Congress, Switzerland was granted the internationally recognised status of permanent neutrality, supported by the major powers of the time. Thanks to this decision, Switzerland's borders remained intact during the two world wars, making the country a refugee haven and a neutral negotiating ground.

Switzerland in the twentieth century: Neutrality in action

The twentieth century was a time of tests for Switzerland's neutrality. During both world wars, the country continued to stick to its principle despite pressure from the belligerent countries. Neutrality allowed Switzerland not only to stay out of the fighting, but also to become a centre for humanitarian aid. The International Committee of the Red Cross was founded here, and Geneva became the venue for the most important diplomatic negotiations.

The significance of neutrality for modern Switzerland

Today, neutrality remains an integral part of Swiss identity. It allows the country to maintain its political independence and play an important role in international relations. Switzerland remains a symbol of peace and humanity, hosting numerous international organisations and offering its neutral territory for peace negotiations.