Arthritis is a common medical condition affecting millions of dogs and cats worldwide. It causes progressive degeneration of the joints, leading to chronic pain and reduced mobility. As our pets age, they become more susceptible to developing arthritis just as humans do. This condition significantly impacts their quality of life if not managed properly.
Causes of Arthritis in Dogs and Cats
There are multiple factors that can cause Companion Animal Arthritis in pets:
Genetics: Certain large and giant breed dogs like Labradors, German Shepherds and Golden Retrievers are genetically predisposed to developing arthritis at an early age due to the excessive weight their joints have to carry.
Injury: Previous joint trauma from accidents or physical strain can trigger the onset of arthritis later in life.
Overweight: Carrying extra pounds puts additional pressure on weight-bearing joints like hips and knees. This is a significant risk factor for pets.
Age: The cartilage in joints naturally wears down as pets get older. This is a common cause of arthritis beyond 7-8 years of age.
Types of Arthritis
The two most common types seen in dogs and cats are:
Osteoarthritis: The most prevalent type that involves the progressive breakdown of cartilage between bones within a joint. Cartilage acts as a cushion allowing for smooth movement.
Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial membrane within joints leading to inflammation and pain. Less common than osteoarthritis.
Risk Factors for Developing Arthritis
Certain factors increase the chances of a pet developing arthritis:
Breed: Large and giant breeds have up to 10x higher risk than small breeds.
Previous injury: Past joint trauma or surgery increases risk 3-4 fold.
Obesity: Overweight pets have 4x greater likelihood, especially in hip/knee joints.
Age: Risk rises significantly after 7 years and doubles every 2 years thereafter.
Gender: Male dogs have slightly higher risk than female dogs.
Signs and Symptoms of Arthritis in Pets
Some common signs pet owners should watch out for include:
- Lameness or stiffness after rest that improves with movement.
- Reluctance to jump, climb stairs or engage in previously enjoyed activities.
- Visible swelling or puffiness around joint areas.
- Pain or crying out when joints are touched, lifted or moved through full range of motion.
- Difficulty rising or lying down due to joint discomfort.
Diagnosis of Arthritis in Dogs and Cats
Veterinarians will perform a physical examination and look for signs of lameness, joint swelling and pain response. Imaging tests like x-rays can reveal bone spurs, thinning of cartilage and other structural changes consistent with arthritis. Bloodwork helps rule out other joint conditions. Together this helps confirm an arthritis diagnosis.
Treatment Options for Managing Arthritis in Pets
Once diagnosed, various medical and physical therapy options exist to manage an arthritic pet's comfort and mobility long-term:
- Pain medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroid injections are commonly prescribed to reduce joint inflammation.
- Weight management: Losing even 5-10% of body weight can significantly help arthritic hips and knees.
- Nutraceuticals: Supplements containing glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fatty acids and other ingredients may help repair cartilage.
- Physical rehabilitation: A combination of heat therapy, massage, hydrotherapy and gentle exercise increases joint flexibility and muscle strength.
- Alternative therapies: Acupuncture, cold laser therapy and stem cell injections show promise adjuncts to traditional care.
- Joint surgery: In advanced cases where joints are severely damaged, procedures such as Total Hip Replacement may be recommended to relieve pain and improve mobility.
Prognosis depends on severity, response to treatment and lifestyle modifications. With proper long-term management, arthritic pets can have a good quality of life. While arthritis cannot be cured, working closely with your vet ensures affected furry companions receive the care needed to remain comfortable and active for as long as possible.
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