Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide who struggle with conception despite consistent unprotected intercourse. While some cases can be resolved with lifestyle changes, others may require medical intervention. Infertility drugs have proven hugely beneficial for many by tackling specific issues that hinder natural conception. This article explores some common infertility drug options available and how they work. Ovulation Induction Medications One main cause of infertility is ovulation dysfunction where the ovaries do not regularly release eggs each month. Ovulation induction medications help induce ovulation by stimulating and maturing follicles in the ovaries. Two common types are: Clomid (Clomiphene Citrate): Clomid is an oral medication that stimulates the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to signal the ovaries to mature and release an egg. It is usually the first line treatment for ovulation dysfunction. Clomid is taken for 5 days, starting on day 3-7 of the menstrual cycle. Success rates are around 30-40% per cycle. Letrozole (Femara): Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor similar to Clomid but has fewer side effects. It works by inhibiting estrogen production, causing the body to produce more follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) to stimulate follicle growth and development. Success rates with Letrozole are slightly higher than with Clomid. Both medications are usually tried for 3 to 6 cycles to see if natural ovulation and conception results. If not successful, other interventions may be considered. Injectable Follicle Stimulating Hormones When ovulation induction medications do not work or for more severe cases, injectable follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) may be prescribed. These hormones mirror what the body naturally produces to stimulate follicle growth. Common brands include Gonal-F, Follistim AQ Cartridge, and Bravelle. Injectable FSHs are administered through self-injections, usually starting on day 3 of the cycle. Ultrasound monitoring is done to track follicle development. When the follicles are mature, a trigger shot of hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) is given to release the eggs. In vitro fertilization (IVF) may then be recommended to maximize chances of conception. Success rates are around 25-40% per cycle. Side effects can include bloating, breast tenderness, mood swings and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in rare cases. Close monitoring is important when using these potent medications. However, they significantly boost chances of conception for many dealing with infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction or other issues. Intrauterine Insemination Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a simple, non-invasive procedure where processed and concentrated sperm is placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. IUI is often recommended alongside fertility medications like Clomid or injectable FSH to boost the chances of fertilization. The medication stimulates more follicle development and egg production while IUI deposits the sperm closer to the fallopian tubes. Success rates of an unstimulated IUI cycle are around 12-15%. With fertility drugs, rates climb to 15-20% per cycle. IUI may be tried for 3-6 cycles before moving to IVF, which has higher success rates but is a more complex treatment. Ideal candidates for IUI include unexplained infertility, mild endometriosis, and cervical factor infertility issues like excess mucus. Adjuvant Medications In addition to the main infertility drugs, certain adjuvant medications may also be prescribed alongside to further support conception efforts: - Progesterone suppositories or injections: Given in the luteal (post-ovulation) phase to support uterine lining growth and potential implantation if fertilization occurs. - Prednisone: An oral steroid occasionally used for its anti-inflammatory properties in cases of suspected immune issues blocking implantation. - Heparin: An injectable blood thinner sometimes recommended for women with repeat implantation failures, as it may boost vascularity of the uterine lining. Making an Informed Choice
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